EU membership, a still-moderate public debt burden, and strong growth support the rating. High fiscal deficits and budgetary rigidities, elevated political polarisation, and vulnerability to external shocks are challenges.

Robust medium-term growth, broad policy continuity, absorption of substantial EU funds, and still-moderate public debt anchor the rating. Elevated fiscal deficits and external imbalances given high current account deficits are challenges.

EU membership, strong medium-term growth potential and moderate public debt support the ratings. Structural budget and current account deficits and moderate reserve coverage remain rating challenges.